India- few imp changes

Renamed or respelled Indian states

United Provinces to Uttar Pradesh (change effective from 26 January 1950)
Travancore Cochin to Kerala (change effective from 1 November 1956)
Madhya Bharat to Madhya Pradesh (change effective from 1 November 1959)
Madras State to Tamil Nadu (change effective from 14 January 1969)
Mysore to Karnataka (change effective from 1 November 1973)
Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand (change effective from 1 January 2007)
Orissa to Odisha (official as of November 2011)
West Bengal to Paschim Banga (approved by West Bengal state legislature during September 2011)
Assam to Asom (renamed in respond to an appeal made by Assamese litterateur and former president of the Assam Sahitya Sabha, Chandra Prasad Saikia by Minister of State for Planning and Development.)

Renamed or respelled Indian union territories
Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands to Lakshadweep (change effective from 1 November 1973)
Pondicherry respelled as Puducherry (change effective from 1 October 2006)

Renamed or respelled Indian cities
Andhra PradeshEdlabad to Adilabad
Bhagyanagaram - Hyderabad
Elgandal to Karimnagar
Indur to Nizamabad
Metuku to Medak
Paalamuru to Mahabubnagar
Ellore to Eluru (change effective 1949)
Waltair to Vizagapatam
Vizagapatam to Visakhapatnam
Bezawada to Vijayawada
Cuddapah to kadapa to YSR district
Ongole Dist. to Prakasam
Nellore Dist. to Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district
Cocanada to Kakinada
Masulipatam to Machilipatnam
Ekasilanagaram to vorugallu
Vorugallu to Warangal

Assam
Nowgong to Nagaon
Gauhati to Guwahati (change effective 1983)
Sibsagar to Sivasagar

GujaratBaroda to Vadodara (change effective 1974)
Broach to Bharuch
Cambay to Khambhat
Bulsar to Valsad

Himachal Pradesh
Simla to Shimla
Mandav Nagar to Mandi

Karnataka
Bangalore to Bengaluru
Mysore to Mysuru
Mangalore to Mangaluru
Hubli to Hubballi
Tumkur to Tumakuru
Shimaga to Shivamogga
Belgaum to Belagavi
Bellary to Ballari

Kerala
Trivandrum to Thiruvananthapuram (change effective from 1991)
Cochin to Kochi (change effective from 1996)
Calicut to Kozhikode
Quilon to Kollam
Trichur to Thrissur
Cannanore to Kannur
Palghat to Palakkad
Alleppey to Alappuzha (change effective from 1990)
Alwaye to Aluva
Parur to North Paravur
Cranganore to Kodungallur
Tellicherry to Thalassery
Badagara to Vatakara
Palai to Pala
Verapoly to Varapuzha
Cherpalchery to Cherpulassery
Koney to Konni

Madhya Pradesh

Ahilyanagari/Indur to Indore
Avantika to Ujjain
Bhelsa to Vidisha
Rassen to Raisen
Saugor to Sagar
Jubbulpore to Jabalpur
Bhopal Bairagarh to Sant Hirda Ram Nagar, Bhopal
Bellasgate to Bheraghat
Ojjain to Ujjaini
Mandu to Mandavgarh

Maharashtra
Bombay to Mumbai
Nasik to Nashik
Poona to Pune
Thana to Thane
Puducherry
Pondicherry to Puducherry (change effective from 1 October 2006)
Yanaon to Yanam (change effective from merger with Indian Union)

Punjab
Jullunder to Jalandhar
Ropar to Rupnagar
Mohali to SAS Nagar
Nawan Shahar to Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar

Rajasthan
Ajaymeru to Ajmer

Tamil Nadu

Koyamutthoor to coimbatore (change effective 1970)
Periyar District to Erode (change effective 1996)
Tinnevelly to Tirunelveli
Tranquebar to Tharangambadi
Trichinopoly to Tiruchirapalli (change effective 1971)
Madras to Chennai (change effective August 1996)
Tanjore to Thanjavur
Tuticorin to Thoothukudi
Cape Comorin to Kanyakumari
Ootacamund to Udagamandalam
Conjeevaram to Kanchipuram
Virudupatti to Virudhunagar
Potonovo to Parangipettai
Mayavaram to Mayiladuthurai

Uttar Pradesh

Cawnpore to Kanpur (change effective 1948)--posted by Upasana Yadav
Banaras to Varanasi (change effective 1956)
Kanpur Dehat to Ramabai Nagar district (change effective 2010)
Ramabai Nagar to Kanpur Dehat (Change effective 2013)
Prayag to [(Allahabad)] 

West Bengal

Calcutta to Kolkata (change effective from 1 January 2001)
Burdwan to Bardhaman
Chinsurah to Hugli-Chuchura